Absolute Appraisal Method Essay

The Absolute Standards Approach is an appraisal method used to assess the performance of employees by presenting a detailed description of the employees’ actual behavior in comparison to a certain set of standards. In this type of appraisal format, the appraisers compare the employees to a certain set of standards, which may come in the form of checklists, rating scales, etc, rather than to other employees within the organization. The Absolute Standard Appraisal method has 4 techniques: Checklists, Essays, Critical Incidents, and Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales. Checklist is the most common technique used by companies. It is a rating containing statements describing both effective and ineffective job behaviors. Behavioral checklists are well suited to employee development because they focus on behaviors and results, and use absolute instead of comparative standards. An advantage of using checklists is that evaluators are asked to describe rather than evaluate a subordinate’s behavior. The supervisor weighs the high and low points on his list and comes up with an overall rating for employee performance. On the other hand, a disadvantage of using checklists is the money and time it can consume for the construction of its instruments. The essay method is a written narrative assessment for employee performance. The employers indicate the subordinate’s strengths, weaknesses, potentials and areas of improvement in the workplace. A disadvantage of essay appraisals is that they can be very time-consuming, and to a large extent, unstructured. It may also come as discriminatory and susceptible to evaluator bias, which may misrepresent the real picture of the employee or the performance. Critical Incidents are specific behaviors essential to doing a job successfully. Behavioral traits that employees exhibit in the workplace – both effective and ineffective, are documented in writing. Employers then analyze these incidents from which a checklist is developed, indicating employee’s critical incidents that either needs praise for successful performance or training for further improvement. Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) are rating scales, which define scale points with specific behavior statements that describes the varying degrees of performance. The scales represent a set of descriptive statements, ranging from the least to the most effective. It combines the elements from critical incident and graphic rating scale approaches. The evaluator must then indicate which behavior on each scale best describes the employee’s performance.

Marketing Final Paper Essay

Yum! Brands is the world’s largest restaurant company with over 38,000 restaurants in over 110 countries and territories and more than 1 million associates. Yum Brands is also a leader within the Quick Service Restaurants (QSR) industry in China, with over 3,500 restaurants in the region (i.e., Taiwan, Mainland China, and Thailand), more than 1,800 of which are located in Mainland China. Yum Brands operates in the Food Service Industry, which will never be replaced or outdated due to increasing technology or increased competition. Consumers will always need to consume from the Food Service Industry. Growth and consumption is guaranteed with increase of the world population and expansion to additional countries world wide. In 2010, the company increased its net income by 10% from $824 million in 2009 to $1.16 billion in 2010. Yum Brands continues to show strong sales, profits, and growth. Yum Brands is the worldwide leader in multi branding, which offers consumers more choice and convenience at one restaurant location from a combination of KFC, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, A&W or Long John Silver’s brands. Yum Brands also shows great Corporate Social Responsibility in the industry. Yum! Ranked #337 out of 500 on Newsweek’s 2010 Green Rankings U.S. list #62 on Corporate Social Responsibility Magazine’s 100 Best Corporate Citizens List of 2010, #33 in 2009. Yum Brands has cemented their products with unique taste differentiation by making their chains the leaders in the industry. A&W is Root Beer and KFC is fried chicken. Yum Brands has demonstrated a strong business plan and corporate goals for competing in the global market. Introduction Yum Brands holds a strong position as the number 2 company in the Food Service Industry. The food Service Industry is a necessary industry that will not see great change due to innovation or a new competitor entering the market. The market is strong and consistent based off consumer needs. The fast food industry is cheap and cost effective, providing excellent services to consumers at the lowest possible prices. Yum Brands is the world’s largest restaurant company with over 38,000 restaurants in more than 110 countries and territories and over 1 million employees. This shows the size of Yum Brands, a global presence that will continue to increase Yum Brands has also displayed global business and marketing strategies. * Build leading brands across China in every significant category * Drive aggressive international expansion and build strong brands everywhere * Dramatically improve U.S. brand positions, consistency and returns * Drive industry-leading, long-term shareholder and franchisee value David C Novak has been CEO of Yum Brands (YUM) for 6 years. Mr. Novak has been with the company for20 years. The 53 year old executive ranks 1 within Forbes rankings of highest paid restaurant CEO’s. While most consumers are unaware of the parent corporation, Yum Brands is silently taking a more controlling share of the global food industry. Its well-known brands include Pizza Hut, KFC, Taco-Bell, Long John Silver’s and A&W Restaurants. Yum Brands continue to show growth that will put it on par with the leader in the Food Service Industry, McDonalds? Despite having more locations than McDonalds, McDonalds annual revenue of $23.1 Billion dwarf Yum Brands at $11.3 Billion Overview of Yum Brands Yum! was created on October 7, 1997, as Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc. an independent company, as a result of a spin-outfrom PepsiCo, which owned and franchised the KFC, Pizza Hut, and Taco Bell brands worldwide. Because of the company’s previous relationship with Pepsi, Yum! Brands has a lifetime contract with PepsiCo, with notable exceptions being the contract of A&W Restaurants with Dr Pepper Snapple Group to be the exclusive restaurant provider of A&W Root Beer. Yum Brands is the world’s largest restaurant company with over 37,000 restaurants in more than 110 countries and territories. There is probably a Yum restaurant near you. Its well-known brands include Pizza Hut, KFC, Taco-Bell, Long John Silver’s and A&W Restaurants. There are 14,001 stores internationally including 3,664 locations in China. Yum has 17,476 stores in the U.S. A total of 77% are owned by franchisees. The company implements practices and procedures to maintain a high level of service including Customer Mania Training and CHAMPS (which measures operational basics like Cleanliness, Hospitality, Accuracy, Maintenance, Product Quality and Speed). A&W Restaurants, Inc., based in Louisville, Ky., is the longest running quick service franchise chain in America. Since 1919, A&W All-American Food has been serving a signature frosty mug root beer float and All-American pure-beef hamburgers and hot dogs. There are over 600 A&W All American Food outlets in 13 countries and territories around the world and nearly 600 points of distribution at Yum! Brands multibrand restaurants. There are approximately 344 A&W All-American Food restaurants in the U.S. and more than 290 in 11 other countries. KFC Corporation, based in Louisville, Ky., is the world’s most popular chicken restaurant chain specializing in Original Recipe, Extra Crispy and Colonel’s Crispy Strips with home-style sides, Honey BBQ Wings, and freshly made chicken sandwiches. Since its founding by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952, KFC has been serving customers delicious, already-prepared complete family meals at affordable prices. There are over 12,000 KFC outlets in more than 102 countries and territories around the world serving some eight million customers each day. Long John Silver’s, Inc. based in Louisville, Ky., is the world’s largest quick-service seafood chain, specializing in batter-dipped fish, chicken, shrimp and hushpuppies. Inspired by Robert Louis Stevenson’s classic Treasure Island, Long John Silver’s was founded in 1969. Today, there are more than 1,000 Long John Silver’s, Inc. restaurants worldwide, and over 350 additional points of distribution in multibrand restaurants. Pizza Hut Inc., based in Dallas, Texas, is the world’s largest pizza restaurant company specializing in Pan Pizza, Thin ‘N Crispy pizza, Hand-Tossed Style Pizza and Stuffed Crust Pizza. There are more than 6,100 restaurants in the United States and more than 4,900 restaurants in over 92 countries and territories around the world. The company is the recognized leader in the pizza category. Taco Bell Corp. is the nation’s leading Mexican-style quick service restaurant chain serving tacos, burritos, signature Quesadillas, nachos and other specialty items. Taco Bell serves more than 35 million consumers each week in more than 5,100 restaurants in the U.S. Marketing Strategy Product Yum Brand is in the food service industry but they also look to market their restaurant chains, as individuals own 80% of Yum Brands restaurant chains. Yum Brands is the largest restaurant supplier of chicken, tacos, fish, and pizza to the consumer market and they sell very recognizable products. In their marketing of products, Yum Brands focuses less on individual products and more on the brand as a whole. After conducting comprehensible market research, Yum Brands found that the majority of people purchasing from one of their restaurants are not looking for a specific product. Yum Brands found that the majority of consumers choose Yum Brands because of their convenient locations, low prices, and the quality of food is high. KFC sells the most recognizable brand of chicken in the world, although they have many competitors, none of their competitors have as many locations or as much brand recognition as KFC. However, there have been some large selling Items, which Yum Brands has chosen to market individually, such as the KFC 12 piece bucket and Taco Bell’s Crunch Wrap Supreme. With large ticket items, Yum Brands has designed custom meal deals focused around these items. Instead of simply offering chips and a drink or a biscuit, Yum Brands has focused on supersized meals and the marketing strategy of getting the most for your money. They do this by supersizing the meals consumers purchase at a price increase that is both favorable to the consumer and beneficial to costs. Price The goal of Yum Brands is to compete at the lowest price possible and they do this by owning distribution centers around the world and controlling the process that food comes into one of their restaurants, from the farm to the customer. Because Yum Brands is the largest supplier of chicken, tacos, fish, and pizza to the market they have a competitive advantage over their competitors simply because they can move more product, thus they can provide lower prices. This industry’s customers are characterized as highly price sensitive so they can easily switch to a product that is like in quality and service but offered at a lower price. Also, switching costs are quite low. Customers do not have to incur any cost for not buying from a firm. Place Yum Brands has more physical locations than any other restaurant in the world. Yum Brands operates over 38,000 restaurants in 110 countries. Yum Brands has focused on convenience for all consumers in the structure of their restaurant chains. With large physical location presence in the market, Yum Brands can ensure stability as well as growth. Recent expansion into China has also proved to be a booming market for more physical locations and sales growth. Yum Brands continues to surge in revenue and market share with each additional restaurant opened in expanding markets such as China. Promotion Unlike competitors such as McDonalds who attempt to brand their products like the Big Mac, Yum Brands focuses on controlling the entire market. KFC chicken is an American cornerstone of culture. KFC dominates the chicken market because of the great reputation and wide brand recognition of Colonel Sanders. There are fierce advertising battles among the large restaurant chains McDonalds, KFC, Pizza Hut, Subway, Taco Bell. Because brand recognition and price so greatly affect consumers, marketers want to make customers aware of deals occurring at their chains. The Food Industry is one of the most heavily marketing industries in the world. In 2010, the fast food industry spent $4.2 Billion in advertising. Analysis Yum Brands has shown significant, consistent, large financial growth in the last year. (YUM) has a market cap of $23.99 billion with a price-to-earnings ratio of 20.75. The stock has traded in a 52-week range between $45.94 and $57.75. The stock is currently trading around $52. On July 14th, the company reported second quarter revenues of $2.82 billion, compared to revenues of $2.57 billion in the second quarter of 2010. Second quarter net income was $$1.16 billion compared to net income of $824 million in the second quarter of 2010. Yum Brands has shown significant financial growth over the past year, and projects continued growth and expansion through 2012. One of YUM’s competitors is McDonald’s Corporation (MCD). McDonald’s is currently trading around $90 with a market cap of $90.14 billion and a price-to-earnings ratio of 17.68. McDonalds pays a dividend that yields 2.8% versus YUM, whose dividend yields 2.2%. YUM is one of the largest food service company’s in the world. In 2010, the company increased its net income by 10% from $824 million in 2009 to $1.16 billion in 2010. YUM is an international company that is rapidly increasing its overseas earnings. In 2010, YUM took in $755 million from China while taking in $700 million in the United States. On September 15th Jim Cramer endorsed YUM. YUM has a policy of paying out 35 to 40% of its profits in dividends. Over the last five years, the company has done well and has increased its dividend by 34.7%. I believe that YUM will continue to increase earnings, and that the dividend and the stock price will follow. This ratio shows us the percentage of total assets made up by goodwill and other intangibles is called the Intangible Asset Ratio. Heiserman, creater of the ratio, says he views anything over 20% as worrisome, â€Å"because management might be overpaying for the acquisition or acquisitions that gave rise to the goodwill.† Yum! Brands has an intangible assets ratio of 11%. This is below Heiserman’s threshold, and a sign that any growth you see with the company is healthy (Moore). The strengths of Yum Brands is in their global reach and consistent financial growth. Also Yum Brands operates several large chains in a strategic move to diversify their assets and sales. However, their largest competitor McDonalds, has also shown significant financial growth and expansion. In 2010 McDonalds saw a global sales growth of 5.0% and earnings per share growth of 11%. Although, McDonalds is also showing large profits and increased growth, Yum Brands is increasing at a faster rate. Yum Brands saw a 10% growth in sales in just the third quarter of 2010. Yum Brands is a low cost leader in the food industry with unique taste differentiation. The wide availability and unbeatable values of Yum Brand chains make it convenient and affordable for customers to buy from Yum Brands. Yum Brands has cemented their products with unique taste differentiation by making their chains the leaders in the industry. A&W is Root Beer and KFC is fried chicken. Yum Brands has shown an excellent demonstration of Focus Strategies by not trying to compete with McDonalds. Yum Brands does not offer hamburgers, instead they have focused on cornering the market in Tacos, Fried Chicken, Pizza, Fish, and fountain beverages. This strategy is key to their continued growth. By letting McDonalds control burgers and fries, Yum Brands can slowly take control of all other consumer needs in the fast food industry. This strategy will lead to Yum Brands surpassing McDonalds because Yum Brands is showing much greater growth. However, McDonalds revenues are still much greater than Yum Brands. In 2010 McDonalds brought in $23.1Billion to Yum Brands $11.3 Billion. Yum Brands has great Corporate Social Responsibility and leads many initiatives around the globe. In Australia, KFC has been working on a Closed Loop recycling project for the past three years. This program has attracted never before seen government funding and is a world leading QSR recycling initiative. No other QSR in Australia (nor have we found elsewhere in world) is doing anything on this scale and impact. KFC has been awarded $400K from the Australian Packaging Covenant and state governments to go towards the infrastructure of the new â€Å"Split Bin† to support this initiative. In addition, 100 percent of waste oil is recycled. Yum! Ranked #337 out of 500 on Newsweek’s 2010 Green Rankings U.S. list #62 on Corporate Social Responsibility Magazine’s 100 Best Corporate Citizens List of 2010, #33 in 2009 The company is expected to enjoy a number of tailwinds in 2012 including lower interest expense due to favorable debt issuance over the past couple of years and retirement of the April 2011 bonds as well as around 20 million currency translation benefits in China. Although Yum’s market is exposed to risks, such as changes in interest rates such as food cost pressure, wage inflation in China, competition, unexpected margin pressure, inability to execute its growth plan, and food safety. Foreign currency exchange rate risks exist as international operating profit constitutes around 50% of the company’s operating profit. Key variable factors affecting the U.S. results include consumer spending, gasoline prices, housing market conditions, consumer credit, and stock market volatility. Taco Bell, which accounts for more than 60% of the total U.S. earnings, is presently the most important domestic brand. The recent Taco Bell lawsuit related to the content and quality of its beef products has negatively impacted the sales. Although, on April 18, Alabama-based Beasley Allen law firm voluntarily withdrew the allegation, YUM expects the negative impact to continue in 2012. KFC and Pizza Hut are the primary concepts, accounting for nearly 96% of total YUM restaurants within the YUM Restaurants International (YRI) division. Each concept offers sit-in as well as take-home options for customers. YUM has over 38,000 restaurants in over 110 countries. YUM is also a leader within the Quick Service Restaurants (QSR) industry in China, with over 3,500 restaurants in the region (i.e., Taiwan, Mainland China, and Thailand), more than 1,800 of which are located in Mainland China. Yum Brands is the worldwide leader in multi branding, which offers consumers more choice and convenience at one restaurant location from a combination of KFC, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, A&W or Long John Silver’s brands. Yum Brands has seen substantial annual growth for the past 2 fiscal years. Yum has seen tremendous growth in china with over 50% of Yum’s income coming from outside of the United States. Yum is putting all its chips in China, and growth there was strong. Same store sales grew 19% in the quarter, compared with a 6% increase a year ago. Margins, though, eased and fell to 21.3%, from 25.2% a year ago. Operating profits surged 13% to $301 million. Store sales in the U.S. fell 3%, compared with a 1% gain a year ago, while operating profits hit $143 million, down 16% from a year ago. Internationally, the company earned $163 million (up 15%) and saw system sales growth increase by 13% (Fontevecchia). In May of 2011, Yum agreed to purchase Chinese hotpot chain Little Sheep for HK$4.56 billion. The deal spent more than 4 months in anti-trust review by the Chinese Ministry of Commerce, to determine whether or not the transaction would result in a monopolistic positioning of Yum in the country’s restaurant industry. The Chinese Ministry just approved the deal in November of 2011, according to Little Sheep representatives. This new acquisition should continue to increase growth in China. Yum recently raised its 2012 earnings per share forecast to $2.85, excluding one-time items, meaning growth of at least 13 percent, despite what Chief Executive David Novak said were â€Å"disappointing U.S. results. That compares to its previous forecast of a 12 percent gain. The forecast comes ahead of Yum’s annual investor day on November 30th and two months after the company sought to reassure Wall Street that business in China remained on track. With this reassurance, Yum will continue to expand, giving investors a strong reason to invest. The share price went up in response to this news (Reuters). In direct growth, Yum Brands far exceeds any other competition in the industry including their largest competitor, McDonalds. If Yum Brands continues this net growth, they are on par to surpass McDonalds, becoming the global leader in the Food Service Industry. The corporate structure of Yum Brands is strong, the company is continuing to increase employment opportunities and expand their staff. David C Novak has been CEO of Yum Brands (YUM) for 6 years. Mr. Novak has been with the company for 20 years. The board of trustees overseas consistent growth of the company and the core values of Yum Brands have served them well thus far in the Industry.

A Brief Note On Occupational Fraud And Financial Fraud

What motivates someone to commit financial statement fraud? In public companies, there is a fiduciary obligation of management to the shareholders to provide true and correct information through financial statements. Concurrently, management is responsible for the performance of the public company it manages. If a shareholder is not satisfied with the performance of a company, the shareholder can try to sell the shares in the open market. Thus, in order to keep the capital provided by the investors†¦ I am reaching out to you today to discuss the possibility of fraud within the Apollo Shoes financial statements. After reading through some company documents in preparation of this Audit I have noticed multiple red flags that although in themselves do not constitute fraud outright, they do demand that we investigate this issues further to ensure fraud is not taking place. Through my initial research I believe the possibility of fraud at Apollo Shoes to be very high, and as such we must take precautionary†¦ How Financial Fraud can be detected Fraud is a pricey crime in the business corporation regardless of their industry sector or size. ASA 240.11 (ISA 240.11) illustrated fraud is an intentional act of misrepresentation by management, employees, or third parties, implicating the use of deception in order to access an illegal or unjust benefit (Gay & Simnett 2015, p. 258). Auditors usually concern two main types of material misstatements that are caused by fraud in the financial report (Gay & Simnett†¦ The effect of occupational fraud and abuse on the company Occupational fraud and abuse is defined as â€Å"The use of one’s occupation for personal enrichment through the deliberate misuse or misapplication of the employing organization’s resources or assets† (2012 Report To Nations On Occupation Fraud And Abuse, 2012). Occupational fraud entails deceiving employing organization to obtain resources or assets for personal gain and abuse involves misapplication of the resources provided by the employer†¦ Financial Statement Fraud Company financial statements provides information that is utilized by investors to evaluate the conduct of managers and to compose economic arrangements (Chinniah, 2015, p. 1). The consumers of the financial statement may consider the financial information received as dependable and appropriate for its function (p. 1). Chinniah indicates accounting standards and regulations have been put in place to try to certify the financial information provided is consistent with†¦ Financial Statement Fraud The auditor will focus on the red alerts that have been cited to point out to the probability that there is a case of fraud in the organization. The auditor will, through the memo, make it clear to the employees that indications of fraud and the steps that will be taken in relation to citing the scam in the instances it occurred. The red flags will be clearly cited in the memo. Through the red flags, the employees will comprehend the shortcomings associated with the†¦ Introduction: An audit is a process of examining the financial statements for accuracy and free of fraud. According to the textbook, Intermediate Accounting by Spiceland chapter one, it said â€Å"Audits add credibility to the financial statements, increasing the confidence of those who rely on the information† (page. 16, 2016). After the frauds scandal of WorldCom and other companies, the investors lost their confidence in the accounting department (page.16, 2016). To increase the investors’ confidence†¦ Financial Statement Fraud Investigation Frisbey (2015) indicated that forensic accountants should be able to effectively communicate with the management and involved personnel as to the factors of the existence of fraud indicators, to be able to perform essential analytics and independent testing such as horizontal and vertical testing techniques to detect fraud or to examine the validity of evidence being investigated (p.8-9). Frisbey mentioned that forensic accountants should, for example, request†¦ Evaluate any damaging financial and ethical repercussions of failure to include the inventory write-downs in the financial statements. Prepare a recommendation to the CFO, evaluating the negative impact of a civil fraud penalty on the corporation as a result of the IRS audit. In the recommendation, include essential internal control procedures to prevent fraudulent financial reporting from occurring, as well as the major obligation of the CEO and CFO to ensure compliance. Inventory write-downs are†¦ Credit Card Fraud is estimated to cost $1.6 Billion Annually each year according to Government reports by Attorney General’s across the US. With 36 Billion transactions are completed annually 1 out of 1100 transactions are fraudulent. It is either because the card is physically lost or stolen off the persons or the information from the card itself has been compromised. The hacker or Thief then uses the card on line to purchase items or gift cards or they use them in person at kiosks, gas stations†¦

Philosophy - video response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Philosophy - video response - Essay Example It has also reduced abilities to empathize with different situations boring marginalized institutions in societies reducing  corporation  and the ability to deal with global issues. According to Martha  Nussbaum, there is a distinct difference between the current and earlier education systems. Mainly development oriented focus on technological business, and self development through critical thinking respectively. Through this change, the nature of society has changed. It has become  more  engrossed  on economics and greed arising the many challenges facing societies today such as crime. The world was a much safer place in the  past  educational system where  society  cared more for others than the current one. Hence her vie that  liberal  education be re-embraced through more  focus  on liberal arts and humanities such as  philosophical  studies. Martha  Nussbaum  is of the view that the educational sector has changed into less involving and  character  oriented syllabuses. This I agree to and follow in the fact that the education sector and curriculum needs to be reinvented to include liberal arts and real situations. This would  generate  a population of  smart  and critically thinking  independent  people able

How convincing are assertions that training and development contribute Essay

How convincing are assertions that training and development contribute to firm levels of performance - Essay Example This is what led to the concept of Human Resource Management, which later became Strategic HRM, due to transformed corporate thinking that HRM needs to be integrated with strategic organizational management. One of the key functions of HRM is training and development of the human resource to increase their competence in performing both individual and group tasks (Thang et.al, 2008) organizations believe that by incorporating of High Performance Work practices (best HR practices) such as training and development, they also enhance their levels of performance (Wilkowska, n.d). This paper examines the accuracy of this assertion, that training and development of an organization’s human resource enhances organizational performance. So, exactly how convincing are the assertions that training and development contribute to firm levels of performance? This question puts a new dimension into the universally acknowledged truths that training leads to enhanced organizational performance a nd knowledge generates growth. ... The assertions that training and development contribute to firm levels of performance are not only convincing but also indeed true, at least to the extent to which they can be applied in organizational strategic management with successful results. Extensive research has proved that training and development enhances employees’ skills and abilities thus creating future returns in form of increased productivity and enhanced organizational performance (Tamkin, 2005). The human resource is a very interesting factor of production at every organization’s disposal, which if utilized to the maximum, has an incredible capacity to yield certain capabilities that are unique to every organization (Quartey, 2012). For instance, training imparts skills and there is increased product value when employees are highly skilled than when they are not (Booth and Snower, 1996), and this can be a source of competitive advantage to the organization (Latif, Jan and Shaheen, 2013), and more so, s uch capabilities cannot be duplicated by rival organizations. It is also undoubted that the human resource is the most valuable asset to every organization because it is directly in charge of the daily execution of organizational strategic plan. In recognition of this fact, most global organizations are moving towards achieving their strategic goals by working through people, rather than working by people. A survey in Britain revealed that many organizations fund training and development as investment towards building a highly qualified, motivated, and committed human resource that can yield quality value for the organizations (Felstead et.al.1997). Training and development not only leads to skills development, but also directly affects attitudes of the

N Health Care or Oil and Gas that has greater relevance to the Houston Research Paper

N Health Care or Oil and Gas that has greater relevance to the Houston economy - Research Paper Example The Department of Health and Human Services in Houston is charged with the duty of working with health care providers plus the community with the intention of promoting good health and improving health services offered to citizens (Nathan, 2009). There are a number of duties that the health department is charged with. Examples of the roles include implementation of programs intended to reduce the prevalence and effect of varied communicable diseases like Swine flu and HIV, keeping track of the environmental conditions like air quality and overseeing animal control and inspecting food establishments and local restaurants to make sure that no health threats are introduced to the lives of the dinners. To operate a food service establishment, a permit would be required of the food dealers. A permit would be given to a food establishment only after it meets every requirement that has been set by Houston food ordinance. There are educational services offered to help managers or workers create and maintain safer food service operations. The services also help the workers comply with Houston food ordinance-set requirements. Education pertaining to food safety is provided using a number of ways. One way in of carrying out the exercise is the condition requiring that every manager attends classes then passes a written test centered on food safety prior to certification as a food service manager. The remaining section of the paper focuses on a detailed analysis and recommendations of appropriate mitigation techniques applicable on the risks that a project manager overseeing the execution of the E- Learning software project has to contend with Apart from roles like project planning and communication, project managers are also charged with the duty of risk management. Risks management in software projects entails identification, quantification and management of risks (Wysocki, 2013). Every project features some amount of risk. For instance, a project meant

Restriction Fragment Pleomorphism Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Restriction Fragment Pleomorphism - Coursework Example Restriction enzymes are highly specific in nature and single alteration in its recognize site (Restriction site) leads to complete inhibition of its activity. In RFLP technique particular gene having restriction site for an enzyme is used to generated DNA fragment(. If there was a mutation in this gene leads to altered restriction site which subsequently resultant in to DNA fragment having altered length. Based on size of a fragment and comparing with standard one can conclude mutation in given gene. Here in case of sample A three bands were obtained when digested with DdeI indicating heterozygous for Gal6V while XhoI digest indicates homozygous for Gal6V clearly indicating anomaly in the results as digestion with two different enzymes give exactly opposite results. Comparing the banding pattern of Gel1A with theoretical banding of standard, there should be 3bands on XhoI digest compared to single band on DdI in case of Gal6V homozygous. But the banding pattern obtained on image 1A was not fitting in to the criteria indicating abnormal preparation. thus all the interpretation were drawn from gel 1B. in case of sample B there was three bands found corresponding to homozygous for CD5(-CT) standard sample while it was found to be heterozygous for GAL6V. Similarly sample C was found to be heterozygous for CD5(-CT) and heterozygous for Gal6V. Three control samples were given as standered namely C1 homozygus for Gal6V, C2- normal individual and C3 homozygus for CD5(-CT). Banding patte rn obtained after digestion with DdeI and XhoI was as shown in fig 1A and 1B. Tabel 1 indicates phenotype and genotype of given sample. Table 1: Summary of Genotype and Phenotype of given sample Sample DdeI enzyme XhoI enzyme Genotype Phenotype A Glu6Val / + CD5(-CT)/ CD5(-CT) Heterozygous Glu6Val and Homozygus CD5(-CT) Thalassemia disease carrier of sickle cell anemia fetus B Glu6V/+ CD5(-CT)/ CD5(-CT) Heterozygous Glu6Val and Homozygus CD5(-CT) Thalassemia disease carrier of sickle cell anemia fetus C Glu6Val / + CD5(-CT)/ + Heterozygous Glu6Val Heterozygus CD5(-CT) Carrier sickle cell Crrier CD5(-CT) Conclusion: Genotyping of given sample were carried out using RFLP technique. The main objective of this study was to identify and differentiate closely related genetic disorder namely sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Experimental results have indicated that there was some anomaly in electrophoretic patterns and thus experiments has to be performed again be for came in to any conclusion. Similarly experiments have demonstrated both aspect of RFLP at on side the technique was found to be easy, rapid and sensitive while other side it was found that it has some limitations like repeatability, requirement of large

Leisure and Tourism in Santa Fe in New Mexico Assignment

Leisure and Tourism in Santa Fe in New Mexico - Assignment Example Current list of services available at the city Private nonfarm establishments. Retail sales services. Merchant wholesale services Manufacturer shipment services Food and accommodation services Non-employer establishment services (Nelson Velvet, 45-6). Major and minor league sport industries American Basketball Association, which were the New Mexico style founded in 2005 (Nelson Velvet, 78-9). Santa Fe Roadrunners, which was North American Hockey team but later moved to Kansas and became Topeka Roadrunners. Santa Fe Fuego was formed in 2012 at Santa Fe and became a professional baseball club. Community/Municipal Recreational Departments New Mexico Museum, which is an art collection of Southwestern collections Institute of American art museum, which is native American arts possessing political aspects (Nelson Velvet, 56-7). Georgia O’Keeffe Museum, which devotedly worked for O’Keeffe New Mexican History Museum, which was located behind the governor’s palace. Site Santa Fe, which was described as a contemporary art space A children’s museum known as Santa Fe Children’s Museum Other areas of attraction include the â€Å"Museum Hill† and Santa Fe Fork art market, which was the site of major city’s art museums. Some visitors also get attracted to Santa Fe during the week of September when Sangre de Cristo Mountains’ aspens turn yellow as the skies become blue and clear. The locations in Santa Fe that are frequently visited during the day by the tourists include certain locations like the town of Taos, which is about 113 km north of Santa Fe. The historic Valles Caldera and Bandelier National Monument can also be found 48 km away. In addition to that, Ski Santa Fe, which is around d Santa Fe’s ski area, is approximately 26km north of the city. Santa Fe has always had communication and association with science and technology through the help of Santa Fe Institute to research on complex matters related to tourism and political sciences (Nelson Velvet, 102-3).

Influence of Employee Voice on Pay Determination Coursework

Influence of Employee Voice on Pay Determination - Coursework Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Marsden makes use of the concept of a ‘zone of acceptance’ as the core of his article, in which, to put it in a nutshell, he suggests that employers need to periodically revise the roles and preferences of themselves and of employees as a necessary prerequisite for the process of adaptation through integrative bargaining, which deals with reaching in agreements to increase the size of the pie. The article discusses the ways in which collective employee voice can enable individual level integrative negotiations in the jurisdiction of non-codified elements of employment conditions that he calls ‘psychological contracts’, quoting Denise Rousseau. The ‘zone of acceptance’ decides the range of tasks that employees are prepared to perform and their time periods. However, to keep up with changing production and market requirements, organizations need to revise the boundaries of this zone periodically, with employee consent, if the organization has to survive. This is accomplished by communication with the employees and revising their beliefs and expectations contained in the ‘psychological contract’. The relationship of employment contains both psychological and economic constituents. According to the mutual interests of the parties involved, its contractual form is chosen from among a range of alternative ways of organizing transactions. Its economic basis defines the individual voice as well as collective employee voice which form the basis for renegotiating and inducing changes in the boundaries of the ‘zone of acceptance’. Marsden cites Ram to suggest that a negotiated order of varying degrees governs the workplace. Performance management in the British public sector and private sector organizations combines employee goal-setting and appraisal to performance related determination of pay. Marsden seeks to extend the range of voice mechanisms employers cho ose and tries to find out the reasons as to why employers choose a particular voice mechanism over others by analyzing the individual-level renegotiation of the zone of acceptance as a form of integrative bargaining, whose quality decides its outcome. The author argues that the importance of collective voice lies in its ability to remove distributional elements away from the bargaining, thus enabling individual level focusing on â€Å"win-win’ aspects of integrative negotiation, which improves the design of systems and of procedural justice.

Landing on the moon Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Landing on the moon - Research Paper Example The attempt to reach the moon dates back to the mid-20th century. On 13th of September 1959, the Soviet Union made the first object that landed on the surface of the moon. Luna 2 was the name of the spacecraft and was sent without a human accompaniment because of the potential risk that was involved. Despite being the first spacecraft to reach the moon, it was the second to be launched in the direction of the moon after the unsuccessful Luna 1. Through Luna 2’s movement to the moon, various discoveries were made about the moon. It was established that there was no significant magnetic field on the surface of the moon. In addition, there was never found any evidence of the presence of radiation belts in the moon (NASA 1). The United States also made an effort to have a spacecraft to the moon. This led to the landing of Ranger 4 to the moon in 1962 opening up more opportunities for the expansion of the aviation industry. The reaching of man to the moon was another milestone in the exploration of the moon. On July 20th, 1969 Apollo 11, a spacecraft owned by the United States landed on the surface of the moon with its astronauts Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Buzz Aldrin. This was the first manned spacecraft in the history of moon landings (NASA 1). However, afterwards, there have been other manned as well as unmanned spacecraft that have found their way into the surface of the moon. Between the first manned landings in 1969 to 1972, up to twelve astronauts reached the surface of the moon. Landing to the moon is not a simple affair; it is characterized by a sophisticated technology. A rocket is the equipment that was developed to break the gravity of the earth hence getting to the surface of the moon where there is no gravity. A rocket is propelled to the space where it continues to increase in speed even in vacuum. This

Corporate Taxation Essay Example for Free

Corporate Taxation Essay 1. The definition of property as it relates to a section 351 transaction includes money. (TRUE) 2. A taxpayer always will have a tax basis in boot received in a section 351 transaction equal to its fair market value. (TRUE) 3. Mandel transferred property to his new corporation in a section 351 transaction. One of the properties transferred was land with a fair market value of $200,000 and a tax basis of $250,000. The corporation will always take a tax basis in the land of $200,000 to prevent the â€Å"built-in loss† from being transferred from Mandel to the corporation. (FALSE) 4. Han transferred land to his corporation in a section 351 transaction. Han had held the land for two years prior to the transfer. The corporation will tack Han’s holding period for the land. (TRUE) 5. Roberta transfers property with a tax basis of $400 and a fair market value of $500 to a corporation in exchange for stock with a fair market value of $350 in a transaction that qualifies for deferral under section 351. The corporation assumed a liability of $150 on the property transferred. What is the amount realized by Roberta in the exchange? ($500) 6. Antoine transfers property with a tax basis of $500 and a fair market value of $600 to a corporation in exchange for stock with a fair market value of $550 in a transaction that qualifies for deferral under section 351. The corporation assumed a liability of $50 on the property transferred. What is Antoine’s tax basis in the stock received in the exchange? ($450) 7. Carlos transfers property with a tax basis of $500 and a fair market value of $800 to a corporation in exchange for stock with a fair market value of $650 and $50 in a transaction that qualifies for deferral under section 351. The corporation assumed a liability of $100 on the property transferred. What is the corporation’s tax basis in the property received in the exchange? ($550) 8. Tristan transfers property with a tax basis of $900 and a fair market value of $1,200 to a corporation in exchange for stock with a fair market value of $900 and $200 in a transaction that qualifies for deferral under section 351. The corporation assumed a liability of $100 of the property transferred. What is the corporation’s tax basis in the property received in the exchange? ($1,100) 9. Ashley transfers property with a tax basis of $5,000 and a fair market value $3,000 to a corporation in exchange for stock with a fair market value of $2,000 and $500 in a transaction that qualifies for deferral under section 351. The corporation assumed a liability of $500 on the property transferred. What is Ashley’s tax basis in the stock received in the exchange? ($4,000) 10. Which of the following statements best describes the concept of control as it applies to a section 351 transaction? Control is defined as the ownership of 80 percent of more of a corporations voting stock and 80 percent or more of the total number of shares of each class of nonvoting stock.

Mathematics in Our World Essay Example for Free

Mathematics in Our World Essay This is a type of service offered by financial firms such as credit unions, banks, savings and loans firms. Advantages It enables people to withdraw their money from a federally protected account. While banks vary as regards terms of check accounts, it has another advantage that holders of checking accounts pay debts with personal checks as substitute for cash. Further, holders can use automated teller machine cards or electronic debit cards to make withdrawal or access individual accounts (Marce, 2009). Therefore this will be a choice if the money is needed to be spent on regular basis. This lies in the fact that with $1000, there is no accruing interest on deposited funds. The other disadvantage is that a penalty is applied if one falls below a minimum. One may also be charged fee depending on the policy of the bank. SECTION B Money market account is similar to regular savings account. It is a form of savings offered by credit union (Baztelsmit, 2007). The difference lies in the fact that on the contrary, they give opportunity for only 3-6 withdrawal in a month and they also offer great interest rates. Its advantage over checking account is that interest is earned on funds deposited. Also, one can write up to 3 checks in a month in money market account. Disadvantages Their minimum balance requirements are higher and can be up to $1500 $2500. The other disadvantage lies in that there is no guarantee return. The expected amount to be earned is not guaranteed and possibility of losing money in such account exists in rare case (Marce, 2009). SECTION C The Passbook This is good especially for investors who don’t need monthly statement and transact infrequently. This form of investment means is a midway option used by some individuals. Advantages Passbooks are updated with information from time to time. It is a liquid account in that fund is readily available and accessible to holders just like in checking account, although, unlike checking accounts, interest here is nominal and small (Baztelsmit, 2007). Disadvantage Deposited money could earn a higher return. SECTION D Certificate of Deposit This is a financial product usually offered to investors by credit unions, banks and thrift institutions. Advantage Banks offer a fixed interest rate having agreed to lock certain funds for a set period of time. Interest rate also increases with increasing period of time the money is locked which varies and can be between a month and ten years. Another advantage is that CDs are insured by FDIC for banks or by NCGA for credit unions and are almost risk-free (Marce, 2009). Disadvantage A major disadvantage of CD is that it’s not a good option if the money to be invested will be needed anytime as withdrawal of money before maturity date attracts heavy penalty. The type of account I have chosen and why I have chosen that account Considering the fact that I have $1000 to invest, the best option for me to invest would probably be the Certificate of Deposits. My reason for this is that I have committed the amount for long term investment and do not need to withdraw funds constantly. It gives me the best and highest return on my investment over the shortest possible period of time (Baztelsmit, 2007). If I had needed to withdraw money frequently, money market would have been my choice account. Furthermore, certain bank allow further investment to be made on this principal fund over time and in this way are a mirror image of savings account and so allows me to deposit additional money. References Marce, (2009). What is Certificate of Deposit? Retrieved on August 7, 2010 from. Baztelsmit (2007). Managing your cash and savings: Case management strategy. Retrieved in August 7, 2010 from www. willey. com.

The History of Aluminum

The History of Aluminum Aluminum is the thirteenth element on the periodic element and its in the thirteenth roll (Dynamic.) Aluminum was discovered by Hans Christian Oersted in 1825 in Denmark. Hans Christian Oersted born on August 14, 1777 in Langeland, Denmark. He became interested in Chemistry at age twelve while working at his fathers pharmacy. Not only was Oersted the first to extract aluminum from rocks, but he also discovered electromagnetism (Home.) The aluminum word derived from the Latin word alumen meaning alum. Aluminum is the most common metal found in Earths crust (Home.) They obtained it from ores a surface near the surface of the earth. At that time, aluminum was worth a lot of money and was more valuable than gold (Winter,M.) Aluminum is also found in the Earths crust, rocks, clay, soil, and vegetation. Hans-Christian was the first to produce nodules of aluminum by heating potassium amalgam with aluminum (AzoM,.) Hans Christian Oersted produced aluminum by reducing aluminum chloride with a potassium-mercury amalgam (Home.) This experiment was difficult to do because all naturally occurring aluminum exists in a bonded state with other alloys, elements, and substances, making it tricky to discovery and produce (How.) When aluminum was discovered, the Greek and Romans used it in making medicines and when dyeing fabrics. When it was first discovered, it was worth $1,200 per kilogram in the nineteenth century, thats more valuable than a bar of gold. Thats $28,383 in todays money (How.) When aluminum was worth more than gold, it was used for making jewelry and art objects. During this time, aluminum was considered an elite material. Aluminum was like the gold and silver of the 1850s. It was used to make many necklaces, bracelets, earrings, and silverware used for special guests. The process that allowed aluminum to be produced at low costs was called electrolysis. This technique ran dissolved aluminum ore through a bath of liquid while it was electrified. When the dissolved aluminum ore molecules were shocked, small gray nuggets were collected. Soon after this process became known, many factories were built for the purpose of isolating and selling aluminum. The United States went from producing a couple of ounces of aluminum per month to producing around fifty pounds of aluminum per day (Kean,S.) Today, aluminum isnt worth the same as gold or silver. Because it is now mass produced, the value of aluminum has drastically declined. Today, aluminum is used for basic things like soda cans, foils, kitchen utensils, and airplane parts (Google.) Aluminum foil is produced today by extracting impurities, like oxide, silica, titania, and water, then the aluminum oxide is melted and made into pure aluminum. After that, the pure aluminum is rolled into foil (Aluminum.) Works Cited AZoM, W. B. (2013, June 11). Aluminium, The History, Discovery and Development as a Product. Retrieved March 15, 2017, from http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1530 Dynamic Periodic Table. (2008, November 18). Retrieved March 16, 2017, from http://www.ptable.com/ Google. (2014, October 23). Retrieved March 16, 2017, from https://www.google.com/#q=what is aluminum used for today*spf=611 History of Aluminum. (2017, March 09). Retrieved March 15, 2017, from http://www.aluminum.org/aluminum-advantage/history-aluminum Home. (2009, May 03). Retrieved March 16, 2017, from https://www.famousscientists.org/hans-christian-oersted/ How did Hans Christian Oersted discover aluminum? (2013, October 13). Retrieved March 16, 2017, from https://www.reference.com/beauty-fashion/did-hans-christian-oersted-discover-aluminum-71fc26839514883c# Kean, S. (2010, July 30). Aluminum: It Used To Be More Precious Than Gold. Retrieved March 16, 2017, from http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/elements/features/2010/blogging_the_periodic_table/aluminum_it_used_to_be_more_precious_than_gold.html Winter, M. (2008, July 12). Aluminium: historical information. Retrieved March 15, 2017, from https://www.webelements.com/aluminium/history.html

Romeo as a Tragic Hero Essay -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

â€Å"A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life;† (Prologue, 6) Tragedy, events of great misfortune, has engulfed the world for centuries. Tragedy often giving rise to feelings of depression, anger, sorrow, and guilt. Romeo, in the tragedy, Romeo and Juliet, is a wealthy adolescent of the Montague family. He falls in love with young Juliet, of his rival family—the Capulets. Romeo’s infatuation with Juliet leads to a hasty desire for marriage. This creates a rash and careless mindset, making Romeo susceptible to errors in judgement. This same poor judgment causes Romeo to thoughtlessly slay Tybalt, as revenge for the death of his friend, Mercutio. Through fate, Romeo coincidentally falls in love with a Capulet, his family’s rival. It is ultimately Romeo’s hamartia, combined with chance, and death, that produce the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo is only human, an as such, will inevitably make errors—but some will have a much larger impact than others. Hamartia, or a tragic flaw, is an error in a certain character, which leads to his destruction. During the Capulet’s masquerade ball, Romeo is love-struck at the sight of Juliet, for â€Å"[he] ne’er saw true beauty till [that] night.† (I, v, 52). Romeo is suddenly entranced and overcome by emotion. Romeo feels forced to linger and see Juliet once again. He finds Juliet, on a balcony, unaware of his presence. Juliet secretly hopes Romeo would â€Å"refuse [his] father and refuse [his] name:† (II, ii, 34). Romeo, struggles with the notion of betrayal of his family. Refusing his father would lead to the loss of his entire inheritance. This choice imposes compromise upon Romeo. He must make a tough decision—his lifestyle or his love. Romeo’s naive infatuation with Jul... ...rong sense of pathos and pity in the audience. The viewers are meant to feel connected to the experiences of the actors by being reminded of similar circumstances in their own lives. Romeo’s hamartia, combined with chance and death truly do produce the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo’s tragic flaw leads to infatuation and haste—bringing about his recklessness. Chance then causes a chain of unfortunate events; Tybalt’s chance encounter causing Romeo’s exile, as well as Romeo’s fatal decision to commit suicide moments before Juliet’s awakening. Death adds yet another layer of tragedy, by connecting the loss of characters in the play to feared real-world loss of family and friends. Although tragedy was ever-present in Romeo and Juliet, the characters learned from their mistakes and grew stronger from their failures. Perhaps we will be able to do the same.

The Style of the Essay :: Writing Writers Education Essays

The Style of the Essay Prior to reading Strunk and White’s The Elements of Style and William’s Style, I was under the assumption that everyone had their own writing style. Once I had read the texts and listened to the classroom discussions I realized that I didn’t really know what style was when it came to writing. We as writers must all follow rules and guidelines for writing in order for the reader to understand what we are trying to get across. Without these rules and guidelines we probably wouldn’t be able to understand what the author is trying to express. I think that the word â€Å"style† has been thrown around so much that I never really understood its true meaning. Before going further let’s briefly look at the authors backgrounds. The Authors of The Elements of Style, William Strunk Jr. and E.B. White, have similar backgrounds. William Strunk Jr. was a professor at Cornell University, an Ivy League school on the east coast. E.B. White was a student of Strunk’s in 1919 and also a professional writer. While enrolled in Stunk’s class White and the rest of the students were required to purchase a little text book that Strunk had written to be used as a reference for writing. Thirty-eight years later White revised the text book by adding passages about the power of words and clear expression of thoughts and feelings (87 Stunk and White). Both authors are now deceased. Joseph M. Williams formally an English professor and linguist still alive as of October 2003, is the author of Style: Toward Clarity and Grace. Style, was originally published in 1981 as a text book and has been revised to reflect the changing times (ix Williams). Strunk and White’s Elements of Style tends to focus more on rules of accuracy, brevity and clarity etc. They offer few good and bad examples of these rules and write more for an educated White Anglo-Saxon Male in the early to mid 1900’s. Professor Strunk wrote the rules in the form of direct orders; â€Å"Sergeant Strunk† as E.B. White has called him focuses on the fundamentals: the rules of usage and principles of composition most commonly violated (xiv Stunk and White). Williams explains the â€Å"styles† of writing more in depth than Strunk and White.

Islam :: essays research papers

ISLAM   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There has been much talk about Muslim beliefs and the Islam nation altogether. The basis of the religion is peaceful and understanding. While people twist the belief around to fit their own needs. It is based on the teachings of Muhammad. He was born in Mecca, which is the capital of Islamic belief.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Muhammad was born and raised in the city of Mecca. He grew up as a merchant and had a wife. He would wander around outside of the city by himself often. He wandered so much that he had no job but his wife believed in him so she supported him. One day he had a vision of the angel Gabriel. Gabriel told him that he was a prophet and he should spread the word of god. He went back to Mecca and told everyone what had happened and decided to teach everyone the way of God. No one believed him and he was ridiculed for his beliefs. So he decided to go on a trip which was called the â€Å"Hijra†. When he came back to Mecca he had many converts. Then the people of Mecca started to believe him and became converts themselves. This is the story of Muhammad and his teachings. All this and more were written down in the Muslim holy book, the â€Å"Koran†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The five pillars are the five ways to be a good and decent Muslim. The first pillar is â€Å"Shahadah† which is to declare your belief by saying shahadah. Which means declaring god or Allah is almighty, and believing in the prophethood of Muhammad. The second pillar is â€Å"Salah† or prayer. Prayer must be done five times a day towards Mecca or the general direction of Mecca. The third pillar is â€Å"Zakah† or tax on the wealth. Everyone must give a percent of their earnings to the poor. The fourth pillar is â€Å"Sawm† which is fasting during the month of Ramadan. The fifth and last pillar is to at least once in their lives to â€Å"Hajj† or make a trip to Mecca when one is willing and able to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is so much trouble in the world because of guys who like to change the meaning of some things in religion when it is obvious what they mean.

Music in the Roman Catholic Church Essay

The history of music draws back even to the history of the human race. Through the years, music evolved into a much complicated entity and served roles up to the level of the metaphysical. Music in the Roman Catholic Church started out during the time of Pope Gregory. They were then called canticles. This music is still part or the church’s liturgy today, but is now called Gregorian chants. Music plays a vital role in the Roman Catholic Church. In 1907, Richard R. Terry wrote a book entitled â€Å"Catholic Church Music†. He put into writing all the essential elements in Roman Catholic music. He also included the principles in church music. He defined sacred music as a complementary part of the solemn liturgy, which is the glory of God. The music possesses the qualities of the highest level, which fits on the liturgy. The form is good and holy, bringing forth universality. It is a form of art, for those who listen to it should exercise in their minds the sanctity of the liturgy embedded on to the music. At the same time, it is universal, that all nations may be able to admit the compositions into their own native music. The greatest composer of liturgical music is Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina. He was born in Palestrina in 1514 or 1515. According to documents in the Vatican, when Pierluigi was young, he would sing in the streets of Rome while selling the products of his parents’ farm. He composed madrigals, motets, psalms, and hymns in honor of the Virgin Mary, embodying liturgy into music and setting the minds of the congregation to the one and only God. The masses that he created gave him the title of â€Å"Prince of Music†. Works Cited â€Å"Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina†. newadvent. org. New Advent, n. d. Web. 4 May 2010. Terry, Richard. Catholic Church Music. London, Greening & Co. , Ltd, 1907. Print. â€Å"The history of music in church worship. essortment. com. essortment, n. d. Web. 4 May 2010.

War

I want you to chance upon where the cogitate of your essay needs to be. And that focus needs to pass an appearance in a carefully thought aside and constructed thesis statement. In other words, do you reading and thinking BEFORE you pull up a thesis and begin writing. apply that material, as well as what you switch been learning about the economic maturation and change of theUnited States during the first half of the nineteenth century, explain why a overlarge majority of northerners were steadfastly against the expansion of thraldom into the new territories to become states. How did the existence of bondage threaten average white guys? I want to see specific reading from the reading in your express. Make certainly you understand Helpers argument and the evidence he uses to support It. During the first half of the nineteenth century, machine and factory use grew popular.The embargo Act of 1807 started the war of 1812. Discuss this In your discussion board and you shoul d look at other clear sources to add to your brandmarks. phosphate buffer solution ran a NOVA movie this last summertime entitled What Darwin Never Knew. You bear get a line that video at httpmom. PBS. Org/high/nova/ development/Darwin-never-knew. HTML . This web page has much of information that explains evolution theory and It Is a good addition to this NC Live video In developing an understanding of how genes lodge to change through time.We know so much more now and so we new In Darnings time. Darwin Video treatment This Is the discussion board for Unit 2. It Is a debate about evolution and how human beings population will respond In the light of the theory of Global Warming. You should post your original thoughts In a wrap that matches your opinion, and then branch out to note on views that are different than your own. Be sure to comment with supportive financial support from a web page, the book or other source. You can post web links or references In your post.You can subscribe to the forum, ND we will piss only one forum for the division to see how It goes with organization. Try not to throw a new thread unless you charter an original thought. Watch the video affix In Chapter 4 on the selecting regularity applied to debunk pseudoscience myths. Then post your comments here with at least three responses and one wobbled to support your comment. This video Is an acknowledgment of how the selecting method Is applied to ensure entropy Is accurate and why we need to make sure we use the selecting method.

Causes of American Divorce Essay

For the last decade, the render of American divorce has increased dramatically. A world-shattering change in economical, psychological and emotional capitulum set could be the explanation of wherefore so many American are ending their human family in divorce. Issues such as, not having complete pecuniary stability, lack of communication and lack of payload, in opposite words infidelity, could provide an explanation to society of why divorce has increased throughout the years.The first suffer of divorce whitethorn be be arrange of not having enough fiscal stability from iodin of the partners or both. The quote, capital is the al-Qaeda of all evil, may be true, peculiarly when it summates to American marriages. Although, instead, the quote should say Money is the root to all reasons marriages fail. Money may not be the entirely reason it fails but could be one of the reasons. An example of this could be, if a checkmate is paying for emergency based things, such as, bills and food and the other spends besides much on things that are useless, this could become a problem, especially when children are involved. Most married couples take to the woods to forget that when they say their marriage vows, there is an big line that pertains to money and that is, Til debt do us part. Relationships sometimes begin and the spouse may not manage the financial difficulties one may be having. This could yard a problem when the couples try to buy a house or a car. Frustration could come upon them and eventually end the marriage due to the arguments. However, financial problems might not be the only pee-pee of divorce.The second cause of American marriages ending in divorce could be, lack of communication. Most couples tend to stupefy fairly busy with work or college and befoolt get a large fall of time to talk about issues one may be facing with the other, for fear that an argument may happen. However, not talking about the issues could become a proble m. For example, the spouse may do something the other doesnt like and if it keeps happening, the petty problem could cause an injure to spark and since they were unable to solve the problem in the beginning because of lack of communication it could lead to the marriage perchance failing. The quote, Love is communication, so the bottom line is a lack of communication is a lack of love, could be true for most marriages because not talking could cause separation between the spouses.The third cause of American divorce could be lack of commitment or infidelity. Infidelity is the act of unfaithfulness to a somebody. This could be the number one cause of marriage failure. For example, a spouse may not be into the knowledgeable arousal game as the other spouse is. This could then lead to the spouse engaging in sexual activity with mortal other than the person they married to. Sexual desire is not the only form of infidelity. Lust may be cogitate as adultery as well. A spouse may begin to have fantasies of being with someone else or an intense desire of love toward a person.To conclude, the three possible reasons American marriages fail could be because of financial issues, lack of communication and lack of commitment or infidelity. The numbers are becoming dramatically alarming. To stop this problem from happening marriages should build their relationship on a strong foundation and listen of rushing into things before talking about. Communication should be an important matter in any relationship.

Luxor Cosmetics Executive Summary Essay

skepticism 12008 un accredited manu accompanimenturing apostrophize as a section of merc giveising beat e very rumplap( changecapable manufacturing appeal/WSP issue)Mark up Lipstick16.8/2180%(21/16.8)-125% attach beautify10.5/1570%(15/10.5)-143%Creams2.8/5.650%(5.6/2.8)-1100%2010ProductLipstick15.3/1885%(18/15.3)-118% boom glisten9.3/11.680%(11.6/9.3)-125%Creams3.3/6.650%(6.6/3.3)+1100%* stemma that these calculations argon through with(p) for goods flummoxd in the course of instruction in forefront heading 2( personify of goods drag in 2008/ gross r neverthe littleue quantify for embodimenting blocks nonplusd in 2008) * cultivation stock-taking 2008 (16.8/21) * 11.59.748million foreland 3Luxor uses a front to a greater extent than or little in number one protrude stock-taking system, so the crease of descent that is exchange first truly may set from front twelvemonths. Because of this, goods that argon exchange in separately course of study i ndigence to be dislocated into goods produced in that yr and goods produced in anterior courses. This is undeniable to do because the component of the COGS that is covariant quantity is reasonably divergent from form to year. 2009 damage of Goods interchange6.3M from arsenal on move on at blood occupation of year (produced in 2008 infra FIFO) 2.3M from p bentage produced in 20092010 monetary lever of Goods exchange8.2M from archiveing on hand at informant of year (produced in 2009 to a set about place FIFO) 0.3M from size up produced in 2010We at a time moldiness position the percent of COGS that is varying for goods produced in 2008, 2009 and 2010200810.5M/(10.5M+0.7M) =93.75%20099.8M/(9.8M+0.7M) = 93.333333%20109.3M/(9.3M+0.6M) =93.939393%We promptly gift these percentages to the COGS for 2009 and 2010 to study the chalk up variable quantity star star embody for each(prenominal) year. 2009 shifting COGS = (6.3M * .9375) + (2.3M * .93333333) = $8.0529M 2010 covariant COGS = (8.2M * .93333333) + (0.3M * .9393939393) = $7.9352M assumptive the variable manufacturing exist per unit was the homogeneous in 2009 and 2010, a high(prenominal) variable exist of goods sell delegacy that oft units were sold. Since the variable COGS in 2009 is higher in 2009 than it is in 2010, we lowlife stop that the gross r nonethe slightue heap of perk up polish rock-bottom in 2010. read/write head 4 permit x = break-dance flush gross gross r even upueF = trade & progress + oecumenical tribunal + concern + unb cultivation Manufacturing be permit F = natural pertinacious beF = 3.4 + 1.3 + 1.8 + 1 permit V = inconstant bes Per buck of gross revenue7.5V is slow estimated by (COGS- stubborn constitutes) /gross revenuethither is a sensitive count of pertinacious court in COGS which subject matter that it is non purely variable, except for our purposes that enlightens a real short, impertinent contras t and the app atomic number 18nt motion lone(prenominal) requires an approximation.V = (27.7-1)/33.50.7970x = F + Vxx = 7.5 + 0.7970x0.2030x = 7.5x = 36.95 hand out even gross revenue be slightly $36.95 one thousand thousand caput 5let x = shifting even out SalesF = merchandising & promotional material + normal arrangement + bet permit F = centre frozen comprisesF = 3.3 + 1.3 + 1.1 + 1let V = COGS Per sawbuck of Sales6.7Again, V is intimately estimated by COGS/Sales on that point is a sm exclusively core of determined speak to in COGS which substance that it is non rigorously variable, b bely for our purposes that yields a very(prenominal) small, outside unlikeness and the brain only requires an approximation.V = (27.7-1)/33.50.7970x = 33.00x = F + Vxx = 6.7 + 0.7970x0.2030x = 6.7The rising breakeven gross revenue for 2012 would be virtually 33.00, presumptuousness that 2012 is to a greater extent or slight quasi(prenominal) to 2011. The unb wind upable is to a greater extent in all probability to breakeven than the front year if they undersurface documentation their gross revenue eonian and do non produce to a greater extent than they roll in the hay sell. Although with rate of flow trends of gross revenue over the early(prenominal) a couple of(prenominal)er years, it could be estimated that breakeven is non likely. With the sure trends gross gross revenue could be estimated somewhere around 32 million, in which fortune the self-colored would non breakeven in 2012. capitulum 6 pedigree agenda 2011 cypher stockLipstickNail PolishCreams ancestry (12/31 2010 Actual)15.011.41.2 aforethought(ip) Production * 19.013.08.0Goods procurable for Sale34.024.49.2 computeed Sales19.013.08.0 finale scrutinise (12/31/2011 work out)15.011.41.2* be after end produce is to produce the homogeneous tot as the plotted sales, as per sales busBud modeled follow of Goods acquit and interchange 2011 Bud nonice v ariable Manufacturing embody (Bud masturbate d consume)0.90.90.617.911.74.4Fixed Manufacturing make up (Bud die)0.80.60.6 apostrophize of Goods manufacture18.712.35.0 memorandum (12/31/2010 Actual) 13.69.60.7Goods for sale for Sale32.321.95.7 lineage (12/31/2011 Budget)0.90.90.614.110.40.7Budgeted speak to of Goods change 18.211.45.1MARGINS1.01.11.60.00.10.6Variable Manufacturing salute First, recall the mover of Variable Manufacturing cost to intend ingatheringion, less(prenominal)(prenominal) rooted(p) manufacturing costi.e. 6.8/(8.0-.0.8) = 0.9 (From edge 2)Inventory make up ones mind the part of ciphered last farm animal cost to reckon entry prise i.e. 6.6/7.0 = 0.9 (from usher 2)Margins (Budgeted Sales/Budgeted court of Goods Sold) 1 i.e. (19.0/18.2) 1 = 1.0 (rounded)Income argumentation 2011 Budget exchange light 2011 BudgetSales40.0 currency profit From Customers40.0Cost of Goods Sold34.7 crying(a) Margin5.3Cash spendingsmerchandising & Pr omotion3.6Variable Manufacturing34.1 habitual Administration1.3Fixed Manufacturing1.0Interest1.8Marketing and Promotion3.6Pretax Income-1.4General Administration1.3Interest1.8Pro-Forma year-end equilibrium woodworking plane 2011 Budget essential Disbursements41.8 AssetsCash0.0Beginning Cash5.5 motley contemporary Assets3.0+ Receipts40.0Inventory0.0- Disbursements41.8 billet & Equipment11.2- contri onlye Repayment10.0Good entrust9.3Ending Cash (Budgeted)-6.3 check Assets23.5Equities depository monetary institution Loan16.3 various trustworthy Liabilities4.0 car park Stock12.5 hold cabbage *9.7Total Equities42.5* The well-kept shekels be 9.7 in this budget, which is alter from the anterior budget to identify for an extra $0.7 M passingi.e. 10.4 0.7 = 9.7 incredulity 7 finished the execution of instrument of the suggested changes in allocation, more of the unconquerable cost leave behind be allocated to the option carrefours because this amplification line has th e highest gross profit (as shown in the budgeted Cost of Goods Manufactured above), even though creams devour the lowest do sales value. This go forth play to more of the quick-frozen be being integrated into the Cost of Goods sold, and non into the ending line numbers racket, whence decrease pre-tax income even further. Allocating the rooted(p) cost in this trend would non bear upon the Cash be given pedagogy in whatsoever delegacy, as the firm be would noneffervescent fall out to a bullion disbursement of an come to value careless(predicate) of which product line they are allocated to. heading 8Luxor Cosmetics is a connection that is stuck in a dying(p) commercialize place because most of their customers that misdirect the outline and discharge polish are women find 45 to 75 who are in the a brutish income crowd. As that group gets fourth-year and erstwhile(a) they rich person less pack for cosmetics so they deprave less and less. The s ales entrust pass over to dismiss and we go forth get less and less profitable. A focal point to engagement this is to storage ourselves in the market place place. We get to sound a style to get ourselves into a break down market that is more desirous to demoralise cosmetics. unrivaled track of doing this would be to start targeting a wise demographic of women who leave alone buy our products. We could to a fault eliminate the non-wholesale market because that means we would get bigger orders and be able to budget wagerer. thus far if we do this we give nonplus to remember the gap that we giveing shake to lower our prices and we provide deplete less net income in the end exactly we willing save more sales. We should reinvest in the troupe that we purchased in the 1990s. We had a product that we were loss to withdraw at teenagers besides we derelict the conjunction receivable to the dotcom scatter we should wager at acquiring that societ y running. We should reinvest in the community that we flea-bitten because the market has recovered straight off.We would get a tag new customer base and we could flip change magnitude sales. plus we already own the lodge and it does no realise to us middling seance on the books non generating whatsoever profits. It is an environmentally palsy-walsy product and environmentally lucky products are change state more and more hot now. We could make the bon ton expect very socially creditworthy and that would build us a better composition and may make our sales in our breathing beau monde increase substantially. The saving grace that is on the books today was acquired when we bought the environmentally hail-fellow-well-met companionship in the 1990s and further we stupefy not revalued it since then. The plus harm quiz should be do on free grace to follow how much of the free grace exists any longer. It is possible that the addition of grace should no t exist on the books for Luxor at all anymore.And it is sightly fashioning our financial statements deceptive for investors. If we line up this the right way we will scram a more hard-nosed mental picture of our federation as it stands now. This way we will not catch conduct financial statements anymore. in that location are a few honorable issues in the case. The first is that on that point is drive for the numbers to be bulld, but as a captain control that cannot be done. We do not desire to make the statements direct so that the stick is coaxed into braggy us a contribute that we cannot afford. We cannot fudge the statements to control our require because person would recruit it out and we would not get absent with it and overall it is passing unethical. The otherwise is sideline the polity that is set in place for how to create verbally report for certain things. If our inventory is not useable anymore we should not be charge it on the books hop ing it will make us have a bun in the oven better. This is not allow for and should be written gain and adjusted for the fact that it is now obsolete.

Mid-Term Break and On My First Sonne Comparison Essay

contend the slipmodal value in which these poets search the ecu menical newspapers of heartache and pass water it pop out. (Seamus Heaneys Mid-Term germinate and Ben John in forkigences On My start Sonne.In this adjudicate I leave be comparability and secernate the deuce rimes Mid-Term infr human activity by Seamus Heaney and On My start-off Sonne by Ben John watchword of honor. I bequeath be focus on their elegaic qualities aswell as their habitual themes of melancholy and t wizard ending. Mid-Term crock up is some the slipstream of Seamus Heaneys 4 yr gray cronys tragic expiration and how his family and friends articulate their emotions and superintend with the fulminant breathing out. W presentas the viiteenth i C poet, Ben John discussion is theme to announce his wo for the termination of his 7 stratum corp squ ar upr(a) password traffic with his savors of acquittance rather than credit about(predicate) the rea watchwords for t he last(a) exam stage or the do of this on the equilibrium of the family.These atomic piece 18 the mean takings they twain gestate which I pass on be exploring and I sh exclusively be outlining reasons for this aswell in the simplicity of this taste including the kindle poetical devices and mental synthesis Ben Johnson and Seamus Heaney implement and how they argon c be and distinguishable from sev timelly opposite. On My premier(prenominal) Sonne was publish on the stratum 1616 and is wherefore oft prison name sacredly establish as at that season feel was predominate by spectral cyphers. Mid-Term branch was produce in the mid-eighties so this ordain serve up me fail the views of the twentieth degree centigrade in equivalence to the s nonethelessteenth light speed and this is a master(prenominal) bowl I willing be focus on later an in-depth depth psychology of the think do of these poets when composition their songs.On My basi c Sonne has a contrastive intend substance over completely in similitude to Mid-Term ameliorate. iodin of the principal(prenominal) reasons for this is that Ben Johnson is penning as a particularual get to delve out to his son to think his last word of f bewell with ducts much(prenominal) as detain in fleecy peace, and, askd, express here doth lye which produces it noticem that Johnson is communication with his son. Seamus Heaneys meter is to a expectanter extent(prenominal)(prenominal) of a chronicle describing what happened on the mean solar daylight of his quad social class grey-headed companions fulminant death. In my sound judgment it seems as if Seamus Heaney is communion his cognise with early(a) passel who white furtherrn pro abundant suffered in the kindred focvictimization and is exploring the emotions of much than takingsual his make.To interpret this dapple, on filiations 4 and 5 it says I met my impersonate out c lamant He had ever more(prenominal) taken funearned run averagels in his stride. This contrasts between On My original Sonne and Mid-Term fault on dickens levels, the graduation cosmos that Ben Johnson has however include his sustain feelings in this poetry such(prenominal) as on course 2 which says My sinne was likewise much expect of thee, lovd male sm any fry This has the effect that his meter is tete-a-tete between him and his son and is like a one-sided conversation.Whereas Mid-Term rest period has a divers(prenominal) mean auditory modality birthday suit, I realize this because the mood of Heaneys poesy is a commencement exercise-person point of view in the put of a flooring and there are more emotions and feelings draw including his parents and family members aswell as friends. By analysing the poetic vocalization and tone I terminate confidently make an judging that Mid-Term work elegizes Heaneys wrong of his sidekick and On My in itial base Sonne is a elegy for the prejudice of Johnsons son. twain poets look the themes of sorrowfulness and personnel casualty in their songs. An instance of the emotions of rue in Mid-Term get by bathroom be explained by office 4 which identifies the many elements he has interconnected in a tough and in this case a limpid expressive style which says I met my paternity exacting, this blatantly depicts the tribulation of a boney family member. scarcely this translucention does non step up in On My maiden Sonne, non simply that he has not exposit anyones feelings dis equalwise than his own moreover he does not turn in expressions of heartbreak in such a crude(a) form as in Heaneys verse. Johnson has draw in cable television 5, O, could I clean all set about, flat. For wherefore, that he has distressing ruefulness and is inquiring combine for wherefore it happened to him. exclusively the incisive features report card for the theme of expiration in for each one poesy aswell which is as well genuinely forthright in Mid-Term fragmentise expiration zero to the imagination, it paints a replete evidence of the mount in confines 16, truism S straight offdrops and chiffonierdles soothed the bedside I maxim him for the offshoot succession in half dozen weeks. Paler now, this tells the subscriber the bolshy that e trulyone suffered and a commit of sorrow was set up for a farsighted time in Heaneys familiars be on room. Also, the themes of bolshy do not solitary(prenominal) rebound on what family members and friends suffered. It suggests the loss of a puerility in dickens forms, Heaney and his br new(prenominal). The reason organism that apparently a pincer has passed apart, tho Heaney had to act real maturate and roam a focal point his child-like naivety to be t old(a) the direful truth and to bed with the situation.I kip down this because it says When I came in, I was embarra ss by old men rest up to quaver my hand which is on product line of reasonings 8 and 9, he was self-conscious with the maturity date and assistance he had to vitrine and so shows astonishment when he had to apportion with tidy sum in a mature trend. On the other hand, On My head start Sonne does not in force(p) show the reviewer that Johnson has encountered loss tho with such lines as seven yeeres tho wert bestow to me, and I thee pay, (line 3) it tells the reviewer that he has had seven geezerhood of contentment with his son and relates it to borrowed time that was stipendiary support to god, subtly including his spiritual views which henpecked the era of the 1600s. The themes of tribulation and loss are overall shown in a more distinct manner in Heaneys poem whereas Ben Johnson has chiefly unbroken these descriptions more knowing and suggestive. at that place is a super efficient word, sire, that in setting of line 3 could I sluttish all acquire, n ow is a big(p) congresswoman to the spiritual as opposed to unsanctified domain of a function of the seventeenth light speed as it has 2 importations the eldest is that father is some other list for idol, Christianity was the prevailing theology and is a rattling melospectacular word even in the twenty-first vitamin C for spiritual believers as he is skeptical his trustfulness for why God has bestowed a grand smell-changing experience against him. In other words, he is aspect could I fall away all faith, now. The other meaning for father is that Johnson had baffled his son and shape as a parent. Alternatively, in Seamus Heaneys poem he has apply future(a) to no unearthly suggestions and phrases at all. Instead, he has entered a generally lay admission with blames that take in surreptitious meanings such as The despoil cooed and laughed and rocked the rig which represents the care-free, nave life of a child. bumply poem has a completely diverge nt building from one some other the first factor out out I target all the way see is the layout of the stanzas which in Mid-Term arise has a blow over 3 line pattern. scarcely underneath this draft shows enjambment from stanzas 3 to 5 which is rattling hard-hitting in linking the stanzas together. This technique is use in all likelihood to tell a floor of what happened when he went into his seat on the first day main office from college since his familiar had died and is effective at creating a depiction as it wasnt especial(a) to 3 lines in a stanza. On My initial Sonne is simply variant altogether in the fact that the full poem has still one stanza which is 12 lines long simply is mistakable in a way that it isnt moderate to a number of lines in separate stanzas.A picayune factor I can as well as see is the final line in Mid-Term issue which has a great effect in make the ratifier to make up their minds on how he was feeling in an supernatural fin al sentence. In terms of the lecture prime(a) he has use in my sight he is expressing evoke by using the melodramatic fiction A intravenous feeding root box, a tush for e truly(prenominal) form which office that his brother was only quaternary geezerhood old. Ben Johnson has include a dramatic sentence that represents the bad influences and set up the humankind has on a child and that his son has break loose it in line 7 which says To book in brief scapd worlds and fleshes resentment, this represents that he has get away perversive and enticement (In the shapers Prayer).Overall, my opinion on these deuce poems is that Seamus Heaneys Mid-Term commit and Ben Johnsons On My first gear Sonne although alike in representing the themes of heartache and loss, are two very several(predicate) poems in factors such as their intend audiences and religious / blue views. The social structure of the poems are very unalike in stanzas and grammar (Because of era whe n published) and both of the poems do explore the themes in a similar way except for different think purposes.

Social Engineering

individualism thieving kind applied science declination 5, 2011 Daniel Sama & Stacey metal recreateer Sr in solveation bear uponing g e rattlingwherenance morals CIS-324, wasteweir 2011 iso s junior-gradelyd University individuality theft mixer applied science declination 5, 2011 Daniel Sama & Stacey metal conveyer Sr com baffleing apparatus ethical motive CIS-324, lessen 2011 straggler University elevate favor adapted railroad steer from the inception whitethorn front interchange up to(p) a cin one casern superstar capacity acceptedise when talking to the highest degree(predicate) sociology or psychology, when in incident it is a configuration of indistinguishability comp unrivalednt dismantle theft. To an learning engine room (IT) oerlord, societal engine room is a variant of voluntary, unk immediatelying identity theft. legion(predicate) victims crash to agnize they atomic number 18 existence victimise until it is a interch angeable late, duration m some(prenominal) oppo lays may never know. This root word go away decl ar mavinself a comment of neighborly applied science as it applies to reading engine room speckle introducing tot whollyy(prenominal) the opens of healthful-disposed applied science those who aroexercising, essenti whollyy, pen the volume on mixer engine room science science. We for jerk impinge on impart substantial gentlemans gentleman utilisations of how affable engineers reserve their business and deliver the in violence(p)s distinguished points to necessitate with regards to tender engineer fires. In goal we pull up s intromits flip counter-mea concretes, which individuals and organizations should vex in parade to vindication a deducest genial engine room. substanti wholey-disposed technology as defined by IT professionals is the execute of deceiving soul, entirely in mortal, every indicate the predict or utiliz e a computing device, with the emit blue fool of infracting some aim of protective covering, each(prenominal) tropelised or professional (Ledford, 2011. ) Implementing timberland luck synopsis solutions bandage maintaining info honor is a of import element of prospering platformt border at heart the context of hire of amicable design in the work turn finish aside, at that do atomic number 18 some(prenominal) factors that fecal matter appoint experienceing those solutions kinda ch wholeenging. genial design is a character focalizeters slip-up of trespass, which relies severely on serviceman inter pull through and ordinarily involves the arting of former(a) citizenry to break of serve normal, general certificate sy beginning policies. mixer engineers (SE) often objective on the ingrained kind suckss of early(a) people. When analyzing and fetching to plow for a situation snipe, a SE destine normally supplication to conceit or voltageity as well as unbiased eavesdropping to acquire the craved study. neighborly applied science, in a nutshell is a taxis tricksy accomplishment of the born(p) kind magnetic inclination to presumption. This go away win the unaccredited gravel to the value reading, agreement or machine. never block your rival when he is fashioning a stray (Bonaparte, n. d. ) This is a mantra for all successful SEs, as they take every and all selective learning or so and from a locate for after use over against tell pit. The SE pass on for stick with across as over untold(prenominal) development as come-at-able ab disclose their derriere in advance, ripe ab forbidden of which is quickly acquirable online, usually, with hardly a a couple of(prenominal) advertstrokes some(prenominal)thing from hobbies to their ducky lunch clipping meal. This selective reading suffices construct a companionship and in appeases trust with the so ft touch. With this trust, patently uncaring randomness depart come inundate aside of the rate. analogous to false spies liking pile perplex and Michael Weston, SEs admit a somebodya that is non their throw and elbow grease to gain with their tar endure a conjectural justification to fulfill a request. The said(prenominal) evasive action al depleted the SE to maintain the frontal and block an out to debar impetuous his or her data source. provide line a soundly SE is a erect actor. tout ensemble of the firewalls and encryption in the be entrust never go over a ingenious tender engineer from pl under(a) a in integratedd database or an irate employee from crashing the system, says pi cardinaler Kevin Mitnick, the valets close to nonable cyberpunk who popularized the term.Mitnick firmly states in his deuce books The artifice of finesse and The blind of ravishment that its much easier to trick some champion into large- dispositioned a d iscussion for a system than outgo the conviction utilize a in graciouse force trollop or other to a greater extent(prenominal) conventional way of life to compromise the integrity of small data. Mitnick who was a world noteworthy arguable electronic computer machine politician in the late 1980s was sentenced to 46 months in prison house for hacking into the peaceful ships bell mobilise systems date evading the federal official dresser of investigating (FBI).The ill-famed hack writer similarwise allegedly wiretapped the calcium incision of force Vehicles (DMV), compromised the FBI and Pentagons systems. This guide Mitnick to unload the absolute study(ip)ity of his time incarcerated in alone(a) sweat overdue to the governing bodys maintenance of him attempting to gain support of more than beautiful nurture. Mitnick states in twain of his aforesaid(prenominal) books that he compromised computers solely by employ passwords and ordinances acquir ed as a result of affable engine room. As a result, Mitnick was rilievorict from apply any forms of technology upon his unblock from prison until near 5 geezerhood ago.Kevin Mitnick is now the chief executive officer of Mitnick tribute Consulting, a computer guarantor measure consultancy. societal design cognizance is a being turn to at the enterprisingness direct as a bouncy bodied aegis system measure scuttle. protection experts fire that a mightily deft staff, not technology is the outdo addition against kindly engine room polish ups on crank learning. The richness dictated upon bail policies is unequivocal when attempting to accuse this fount of onrush shot. set upon strategies carry action on two forcible and mental levels.This form appeals to hackers because the meshwork is so wide utilise and it evades all intrusion perception systems. fond technology is similarly a sought after manner for hackers because of the low pretend and low appeal involved. in that location be no compatibility issues with affectionate plan it flora on every run system. at that leads no analyse caterpillar track and if kill a office its effects fecal matter be only crushing to the manoeuvre. These struggles ar real and astonishing to any connection, which is why affectionate merged policies should be metrical by gateway look and implementing right(postnominal) procedures. unitary of the advantages of having such(prenominal) policies in place is that it varys the duty of an employee having to look at a discernment adjure or using discernment regarding a friendly engineers request. Companies and their ulterior staffs have buzz off much too relaxed as it pertains to in unified certificate initiative. These besets dejection likelyly be expensive and formidable to solicitude as well as the IT segment. cordial engineer labialises greennes clever take place on two dissimi lar levels physiologic and psychological. natural settings for these attacks nominate be anything from your office, your trash, over the call up and heretofore so online.A rudimentary, putting surface form of a hearty design attack is tender applied science by tele mobilize. cagey friendly engineers allow for attempt to target the orders dish desk time casual the suffice desk vocalism into accept they atomic number 18 transaction from at bottom the association. dish desks be specifically the nigh penetrable to complaisant engine room attacks since these employees ar teach to be accommodating, be friendly and give out entropy. divine service desk employees atomic number 18 minimally meliorate and get salaried a under median(a) compensation so it is cat valium for these individuals to arrange adept enquiry and go on right along to the succeeding(prenominal).This crumb potentially urinate an grand security muddle when the proper secur ity initiative is not justly set into place. A virtuous example of this would be a SE barter the high society slattern and formulation something like Hi, Im your AT&T repp Im stuck on a pole. I claim you to penetrate a a few(prenominal)er buttons for me. This figure of attack is order at the attach tos help desk surroundings and close continuously successful. former(a) forms attack target those in charge of reservation multi-million dollar mark decisions for grasss, videlicet the chief operating officers and chief financial officers.A quick-witted SE nominate get each one and only(a) of these individuals to ordainingly cater education clever to hacking into a great deals electronic network infrastructure. though moorings such as these ar rarely documented, they still happen. Corporations overleap millions of dollars to rise for these kinds of attacks. Individuals who serve this specialise exam are referred to as brotherly plan Auditors. matchl ess of the atomic number 61 SE Auditors in the attention nowadays is Chris Hadnagy. Hadnagy states that on any addicted assignment, all he has to do is accomplish a raciness of investigate on the key short-changeers in the alliance in the beginning he is pretend to strike.In nearly cases he result duck soup a kindliness card, earn-believe to be a segment of a brotherly love the chief operating officer or chief financial officer may lead to and make unassailableness donations to. In one case, he called a chief executive officer of a corporation pretence to be a fundraiser for a charity the chief executive officer contributed to in the past. He utter they were having a raffle off draft copy and named off prizes such as major league bet on tickets and collapse card game to a few restaurants, one of which happened to be a favorite of the chief operating officer. When he was completed explaining all the prizes easy he asked if it would be satisfactory to netmail a banknote outlining all the prizes up for grabs in a PDF.The chief operating officer concur and volitionally gave Hadnagy his corporate telecommunicate address. Hadnagy encourage asked for the edition of adobe reviewer the company utilize under the dissembling he cherished to make sure he was move a PDF the chief operating officer could read. The chief executive officer volitionally gave this training up. With this randomness he was able to come out a PDF with venomed command engraft that gave him untied memory overture to the CEOs machine and in midpoint the companys servers (Goodchild, 2011). non all SE attacks draw on the whole over the phone. another(prenominal) case that Hadnagy reports on reachred at a make-up car special K.The covering fire trading floor on this case is he was engage by a major substructure cat valium pertain rough packet product system security as their knob report computers were colligate with corporate ser vers, and if the check in computers were compromised a earnest data breach may occur (Goodchild, 2011). Hadnagy stir uped this attack by premiere job the honey oil comprise as a software salesman, hawk newer PDF-reading software which he was offering free on a rill root word. From this phone call he was able to become the adaptation of PDF-reader the super acid use and put the rest of his plan in action.He next headed to the park with his family, move up to one of the employees at client go postulation if he could use one of their terminals to entrance fee his email. He was allowed to price of admission his email to print off a voucher for entrance fee to the park that day. What this email also allowed was to embed vixenish code on to the servers and once again gained unfettered access to the place servers. Hadnagy proposes sixsome points to theorize in regards to brotherly engineering attacks * No culture, unheeding of it individual(prenominal) or wound up nature, is off trammels for a SE pursuance to do harm. It is much the person who thinks he is nearly secure who poses the biggest picture to an organization. Executives are the easiest SE marks. * An organizations security insurance is only as right(a) as its enforcement. * SEs forget ofttimes play to the employees sizeable nature and desire to be useful * companionable applied science should be a part of an organizations defence force strategy. * SEs provide often go for the low-hanging fruit. Everyone is a target if security is low. The premiere countermeasure of accessible engineering saloon begins with security policies.Employee homework is inwrought in combating even the about cagy and sly genial engineers. unsloped like mixer engineering itself, training on a psychological and fleshly basis is requi station to exempt these attacks. development moldiness begin at the pourboire with charge. either oversight essential empathize that favorable engineering attacks stem from both a psychological and carnal burthen hence they must implement capable policies that washstand mitigate the slander from an attacker opus having a robust, enforceable penalty process for those that violate those policies. plan of attack enclose is a good place to start when applying these policies. A fitted system administrator and his IT department should work hand and glove with management in hashing out policies that subordination and bourn users liberty to exquisite data. This exit negate the responsibleness on the part of an average out employee from having to exercise face-to-face impression and address when a potential attack may occur. When mirthful calls for information occur deep down the company, the employee should remain triplet questions in mind 1.Does the person communicate deserve this information? 2. why is she/he petition for it? 3. What are the possible repercussions of fully grown up the bespeak information? If on that point is a material insurance in place with enforceable penalties in place, these questions will help to descend the potential for a SE attack (Scher, 2011). some other countermeasure against a companionable engineering attack is to limit the beat of information slow easy online. With Facebook, Twitter, Four-Square and the like, at that place is an surplusage of information promptly easy at any prone second online.By just drastically modification the standard of information operational online it makes the SEs line of information garner that much more effortful. passim all of the tactics and strategies utilized when cultivating sociable engineering expertise, its passing difficult to combat human error. So when implementing employee access find out and information security, it is grave to mark that everyone is human. This type of sensory faculty skunk also be expensive so its key to bosom a practicable approach to conf lict complaisant engineering. equilibrize company esprit de corps and amiable work environs is a common worry when transaction with social engineering ginmill and awareness. It is spanking to delay in panorama that the flagellum of social engineering is very real and everyone is a potential target. References Bonaparte, N. (n. d. ). 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Syngress publishing Inc. 2008. Mann, I. Hacking the Human. Burlington, Vermont Gower produce, 2008. Mitnick, K. and Simon, W. The dodge of Deception. inchpolis, indium Wiley publication Inc. 2002. Mitnick, K. and Simon, W. (2006. ) The subterfuge of Intrusion. Indianapolis, Indiana Wiley Publishing Inc. 2006. Scher, R. (2011). Is This the approximately unplayful Man in the States? bail specializer Breaches Networks for turn & Profit. Retrieved from ComputerPowerUser. com on November 29, 2011. Retrieved from http//www. social-engineer. org/resources/CPU-MostDangerousMan. pdf